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Trial details imported from ClinicalTrials.gov
For full trial details, please see the original record at
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05846087
Registration number
NCT05846087
Ethics application status
Date submitted
26/04/2023
Date registered
6/05/2023
Titles & IDs
Public title
Mobile App-delivered Sleep Therapy (SleepFix) for Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain and Insomnia
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Scientific title
Mobile App-delivered Sleep Therapy (SleepFix) for Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain and Insomnia: a Randomized Controlled Trial With Internal Pilot Study
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Secondary ID [1]
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X23-0145
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Universal Trial Number (UTN)
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Trial acronym
SleepBack
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Linked study record
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Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
Chronic Low-back Pain
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Insomnia
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Condition category
Condition code
Neurological
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Other neurological disorders
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Musculoskeletal
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Other muscular and skeletal disorders
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Intervention/exposure
Study type
Interventional
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Description of intervention(s) / exposure
BEHAVIORAL - sleep retraining therapy
Other interventions - sleep health education modules
Experimental: Treatment - Three weeks of sleep retraining therapy - behavioral component of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. This will be self-delivered by participants digitally using the smart phone App 'SleepFix'.
Active comparator: Control - Sleep health education modules delivered each week for three weeks. Modules contain information about sleep and insomnia; how insomnia affects other aspects of life; what activities influence health sleep (sleep hygiene) and information designed to dispel false beliefs about sleep
BEHAVIORAL: sleep retraining therapy
Sleep retraining therapy improves sleep efficiency (total sleep time/total time in bed) by reducing the amount of time spent in bed awake. The digitally designed version which SleepFix delivers uses an algorithm which requires the users current sleep times and ideal wake-up time to determine when one should get into bed to fall asleep and when one should get out of bed.
Other interventions: sleep health education modules
educational modules about sleep and insomnia; its causes; and its impact on various aspects of life. This information is arranged into three modules which will be provided to participants over three weeks.
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Intervention code [1]
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BEHAVIORAL
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Intervention code [2]
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Other interventions
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Comparator / control treatment
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Control group
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Outcomes
Primary outcome [1]
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Pain interference
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Assessment method [1]
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Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - pain interference is a subscale of the BPI consisting of 7 items which assess the extent to which pain interferes with: general activity; mood; walking; work (at home or outside); relationships; sleep; and enjoyment of life. BPI items are reported using an 11-point Likert type scale. (0 = "does not interfere"; 10 = "interferes completely"). Responses are summed to provide a global interference score between 0 and 70.
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Timepoint [1]
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6 weeks
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Secondary outcome [1]
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Pain intensity
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Assessment method [1]
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Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - pain intensity is a subscale of the BPI which is composed of 4-items which ask a rating for current pain, average pain, worst and least pain over the past 24 hours using an 11-point Likert type scales (0 = "No pain at all"; 10 = "worst pain possible").
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Timepoint [1]
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6 weeks
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Secondary outcome [2]
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Insomnia severity index (ISI)
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Assessment method [2]
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7-item questionnaire used to examine overall insomnia severity. It consists of a five-point Likert type scale for each item (ranging from "no problem" = 0 to "severe problem" = 4) regarding symptoms over the past 2 weeks. All items are summed with total scores ranging from 0-28.
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Timepoint [2]
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6 weeks
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Secondary outcome [3]
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Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
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Assessment method [3]
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19-item self-reported questionnaire which, in this case, assesses sleep quality and disturbances over the previous 2 weeks so only variables across a time-period not including the therapy window are measured. Seven component scores are derived from the responses, each scored 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty). The component scores are summed to produce a global score (range 0-21) where a score of 5 or more indicates poor sleep quality.
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Timepoint [3]
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6 weeks
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Secondary outcome [4]
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Pain-related beliefs and attitudes about sleep (PBAS)
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Assessment method [4]
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The pain-related beliefs and attitudes about sleep questionnaire (PBAS) is a 10-item self-reported measure developed for assessment and treatment of insomnia comorbid with chronic pain. PBAS assesses one's beliefs about the interaction of pain and sleep. Items are measured on an 11-point likert type scale (0 = "strongly disagree"; 10 = "strongly agree").
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Timepoint [4]
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6 weeks
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Secondary outcome [5]
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Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)
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Assessment method [5]
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The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 is a 2-item self-reported measure of depressive symptoms over the past 2 weeks. Participants are asked to answer questions about the severity of depressive symptoms. Scores for each question (Likert type scale "not at all" = 0 to "nearly every day" = 3) sum to a total score of 0 to 6.
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Timepoint [5]
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6 weeks
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Secondary outcome [6]
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General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)
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Assessment method [6]
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The General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a 7-item self-administered scale used to assess the severity of generalised anxiety by asking how often participants have experienced symptoms in the previous two weeks. It consists of a three-point Likert type scale for each item (ranging from "not at all" = 0 to "nearly every day" = 3). All items are summed with total scores ranging from 0-21 where 5, 10 and 15 indicate the cut-off scores for mild, moderate and severe anxiety, respectively.
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Timepoint [6]
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6 weeks
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Secondary outcome [7]
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EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D)
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Assessment method [7]
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The EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) is a well-validated, generic instrument for measuring health related quality of life at the time of completion. The self-reported questionnaire is comprised of 2 components including: (1) Health state description - measured in terms of 5 dimensions of mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression and (2) evaluation - where participants are asked to evaluate their overall health using a visual analogue scale. In Part 1, each item is assigned a level (ranging from "indicating no problem"1 - "indicating unable to/extreme problems" - 5) according to the response and this descriptive data is used to generate a health-related quality of life profile for the subject. Part II is scored from 0 (worst health state imaginable) to 100 (best health state imaginable).
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Timepoint [7]
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6 weeks
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Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
1. Adults aged = 18 years.
2. Chronic low back pain (pain in lower back region which has been present for 3 months or more).
3. Able to give informed online consent.
4. Insomnia Severity Index Score >10.
5. English fluency.
6. Access to a smartphone and willingness/proficiency to use a mobile app for healthcare.
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Minimum age
18
Years
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Maximum age
No limit
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Sex
Both males and females
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Can healthy volunteers participate?
No
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Key exclusion criteria
1. Currently experiencing sciatica or other neuropathic pain condition OR inflammatory condition of the spine/vertebral column.
2. Shift-workers. Regular work that falls outside the hours between 7am and 6pm.
3. Trans-meridian travel to a destination with >2 hours' time-difference (within last 7-days and will subjective reports that they are not experiencing jet lag).
4. Serious medical and/or psychiatric illnesses/disorders (e.g. Major Depressive Disorder, epilepsy, bipolar disorder, heart failure, dementia).
5. Sleep disorders (includes: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Sleep Behaviour Disorder (i.e sleep talking/walking, REM), Circadian Rhythm Disorder, Restless leg syndrome, Narcolepsy or Bruxism).
6. Sleep devices (e.g. CPAP)
7. Currently receiving psychotherapy for insomnia including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
8. Professional driver or operate heavy machinery;
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Study design
Purpose of the study
Treatment
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Allocation to intervention
Randomised controlled trial
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Procedure for enrolling a subject and allocating the treatment (allocation concealment procedures)
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Methods used to generate the sequence in which subjects will be randomised (sequence generation)
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Masking / blinding
Blinded (masking used)
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Who is / are masked / blinded?
The people assessing the outcomes
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Intervention assignment
Parallel
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Other design features
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Phase
NA
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Type of endpoint/s
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Statistical methods / analysis
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Recruitment
Recruitment status
Recruiting
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Data analysis
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Reason for early stopping/withdrawal
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Other reasons
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Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
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Actual
13/09/2023
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Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
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Actual
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Date of last data collection
Anticipated
31/05/2025
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Actual
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Sample size
Target
178
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Accrual to date
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Final
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Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
NSW
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Recruitment hospital [1]
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Woolcock Institute of Medical Research - Sydney
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Recruitment postcode(s) [1]
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2037 - Sydney
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Funding & Sponsors
Primary sponsor type
Other
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Name
Woolcock Institute of Medical Research
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Address
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Country
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Other collaborator category [1]
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Other
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Name [1]
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Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity
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Address [1]
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Country [1]
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Other collaborator category [2]
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Other
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Name [2]
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University of Sydney
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Address [2]
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Country [2]
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Ethics approval
Ethics application status
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Summary
Brief summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to assess the efficacy of a digital behavioral therapy for insomnia (dBTi) in people with chronic low back pain and insomnia. The main question it aims to answer is whether a 3 week period of dBTi can improve pain-related interference 6 weeks from commencement. Researchers will compare the treatment (dBTi) to an active control (Sleep health education modules) to see if there is a significant difference in outcomes at baseline and end-of-study (6 weeks).
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Trial website
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05846087
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Trial related presentations / publications
Wu A, March L, Zheng X, Huang J, Wang X, Zhao J, Blyth FM, Smith E, Buchbinder R, Hoy D. Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Ann Transl Med. 2020 Mar;8(6):299. doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.175. Kelly GA, Blake C, Power CK, O'keeffe D, Fullen BM. The association between chronic low back pain and sleep: a systematic review. Clin J Pain. 2011 Feb;27(2):169-81. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181f3bdd5. Bilterys T, Siffain C, De Maeyer I, Van Looveren E, Mairesse O, Nijs J, Meeus M, Ickmans K, Cagnie B, Goubert D, Danneels L, Moens M, Malfliet A. Associates of Insomnia in People with Chronic Spinal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2021 Jul 19;10(14):3175. doi: 10.3390/jcm10143175. Amiri S, Behnezhad S. Sleep disturbances and back pain : Systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatr. 2020 Jun;34(2):74-84. doi: 10.1007/s40211-020-00339-9. Epub 2020 Mar 12. Cheatle MD, Foster S, Pinkett A, Lesneski M, Qu D, Dhingra L. Assessing and Managing Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Chronic Pain. Sleep Med Clin. 2016 Dec;11(4):531-541. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2016.08.004. Epub 2016 Oct 27. Aji M, Glozier N, Bartlett D, Peters D, Calvo RA, Zheng Y, Grunstein R, Gordon C. A feasibility study of a mobile app to treat insomnia. Transl Behav Med. 2021 Mar 16;11(2):604-612. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa019. Irish LA, Kline CE, Gunn HE, Buysse DJ, Hall MH. The role of sleep hygiene in promoting public health: A review of empirical evidence. Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Aug;22:23-36. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 16. Howarth A, Quesada J, Silva J, Judycki S, Mills PR. The impact of digital health interventions on health-related outcomes in the workplace: A systematic review. Digit Health. 2018 May 10;4:2055207618770861. doi: 10.1177/2055207618770861. eCollection 2018 Jan-Dec. Zachariae R, Lyby MS, Ritterband LM, O'Toole MS. Efficacy of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev. 2016 Dec;30:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.10.004. Epub 2015 Oct 24. Aji M, Gordon C, Stratton E, Calvo RA, Bartlett D, Grunstein R, Glozier N. Framework for the Design Engineering and Clinical Implementation and Evaluation of mHealth Apps for Sleep Disturbance: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Feb 17;23(2):e24607. doi: 10.2196/24607. Mameli S, Pisanu GM, Sardo S, Marchi A, Pili A, Carboni M, Minerba L, Trincas G, Carta MG, Melis MR, Agabio R. Oxytocin nasal spray in fibromyalgic patients. Rheumatol Int. 2014 Aug;34(8):1047-52. doi: 10.1007/s00296-014-2953-y. Epub 2014 Feb 8. Tang NK, Goodchild CE, Sanborn AN, Howard J, Salkovskis PM. Deciphering the temporal link between pain and sleep in a heterogeneous chronic pain patient sample: a multilevel daily process study. Sleep. 2012 May 1;35(5):675-87A. doi: 10.5665/sleep.1830. Roth SH, Fleischmann RM, Burch FX, Dietz F, Bockow B, Rapoport RJ, Rutstein J, Lacouture PG. Around-the-clock, controlled-release oxycodone therapy for osteoarthritis-related pain: placebo-controlled trial and long-term evaluation. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Mar 27;160(6):853-60. doi: 10.1001/archinte.160.6.853. Malfliet A, Bilterys T, Van Looveren E, Meeus M, Danneels L, Ickmans K, Cagnie B, Mairesse O, Neu D, Moens M, Goubert D, Kamper SJ, Nijs J. The added value of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia to current best evidence physical therapy for chronic spinal pain: protocol of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Braz J Phys Ther. 2019 Jan-Feb;23(1):62-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.10.007. Epub 2018 Oct 29. Kean J, Monahan PO, Kroenke K, Wu J, Yu Z, Stump TE, Krebs EE. Comparative Responsiveness of the PROMIS Pain Interference Short Forms, Brief Pain Inventory, PEG, and SF-36 Bodily Pain Subscale. Med Care. 2016 Apr;54(4):414-21. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000497. Jungquist CR, O'Brien C, Matteson-Rusby S, Smith MT, Pigeon WR, Xia Y, Lu N, Perlis ML. The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with chronic pain. Sleep Med. 2010 Mar;11(3):302-9. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.05.018. Epub 2010 Feb 4. Tan G, Jensen MP, Thornby JI, Shanti BF. Validation of the Brief Pain Inventory for chronic nonmalignant pain. J Pain. 2004 Mar;5(2):133-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2003.12.005. Morin CM, Belleville G, Belanger L, Ivers H. The Insomnia Severity Index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep. 2011 May 1;34(5):601-8. doi: 10.1093/sleep/34.5.601. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4. Afolalu EF, Moore C, Ramlee F, Goodchild CE, Tang NK. Development of the Pain-Related Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (PBAS) Scale for the Assessment and Treatment of Insomnia Comorbid with Chronic Pain. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016 Sep 15;12(9):1269-77. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6130. Lowe B, Kroenke K, Grafe K. Detecting and monitoring depression with a two-item questionnaire (PHQ-2). J Psychosom Res. 2005 Feb;58(2):163-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.09.006. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092. Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D, Bonsel G, Badia X. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res. 2011 Dec;20(10):1727-36. doi: 10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x. Epub 2011 Apr 9. Norman CD, Skinner HA. eHEALS: The eHealth Literacy Scale. J Med Internet Res. 2006 Nov 14;8(4):e27. doi: 10.2196/jmir.8.4.e27.
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Public notes
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Contacts
Principal investigator
Name
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Christopher J Gordon, A/Prof
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Address
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Woolcock Institute of Medical Research
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Phone
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Fax
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Email
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Contact person for public queries
Name
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James M Puterflam, PhD Candidate
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Address
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Country
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Phone
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0414818290
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Fax
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Email
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[email protected]
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Contact person for scientific queries
Data sharing statement
Will individual participant data (IPD) for this trial be available (including data dictionaries)?
No
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No/undecided IPD sharing reason/comment
The trial investigators will be given access to the cleaned data set. The project data set will be housed online in the study web portal created for the study, and all data will be password protected. To ensure confidentiality, data dispersed to project team members will be blinded of any identifying participant information.
Data will not be shared without permission of Principal Investigators. All data available for sharing will be stored on a web-based database located in Australia. After the study, a non-identified dataset may be made available online in a data repository.
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What supporting documents are/will be available?
No Supporting Document Provided
Results publications and other study-related documents
No documents have been uploaded by study researchers.
Results not provided in
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05846087