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Trial details imported from ClinicalTrials.gov
For full trial details, please see the original record at
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01661933
Registration number
NCT01661933
Ethics application status
Date submitted
6/08/2012
Date registered
10/08/2012
Date last updated
20/10/2014
Titles & IDs
Public title
Desensitising Celiac Disease Patients With the Human Hookworm
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Scientific title
Combining Necator Americanus With Trace Gluten to Restore Tolerance in Coeliac Disease: a Pilot Clinical and a Detailed in Vitro Immunological Study.
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Secondary ID [1]
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AU/3/BOBD012
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Universal Trial Number (UTN)
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Trial acronym
NaCeD
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Linked study record
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Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
Celiac Disease
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Condition category
Condition code
Inflammatory and Immune System
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Autoimmune diseases
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Oral and Gastrointestinal
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Other diseases of the mouth, teeth, oesophagus, digestive system including liver and colon
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Human Genetics and Inherited Disorders
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Other human genetics and inherited disorders
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Intervention/exposure
Study type
Interventional
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Description of intervention(s) / exposure
Other interventions - Necator americanus
Other interventions - Necator americanus
Experimental: Necator americanus, gluten challenge - Single arm, vertical.
Other interventions: Necator americanus
Previously inoculated subjects will be further inoculated as previously undertaken with 20 3rd stage infective Na larvae (10 + 10 over 4 weeks). Four weeks after the 2nd inoculation, each participant will receive a micro-dose of gluten (10 mg daily) as pasta for 8 weeks, to be followed by a low-dose of gluten (50 mg daily) for 8 weeks. After this, a detailed assessment involving upper endoscopy and duodenal biopsy will be performed before deciding on an individual case basis that it is safe for the participant to proceed to challenge. A gluten challenge of 1 G (15-20 G of pasta or a ½ slice of standard white bread) twice weekly for 12 weeks will commence.
Other interventions: Necator americanus
After completion of the previously planned challenge, volunteers will be invited to extend the gluten challenge. The extension is for 4 weeks total. The gluten challenge is stepwise: gluten 10 mg daily for one week, 50 mg daily for one week and finally 3 grams daily for 2 weeks. The outcome measure is serum tissue transglutaminase to be compared before and after the intervention.
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Intervention code [1]
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Other interventions
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Comparator / control treatment
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Control group
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Outcomes
Primary outcome [1]
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Duodenal Villus Height:Crypt Depth
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Assessment method [1]
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Biopsies were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, processed and carefully orientated and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections (3 µm) were stained with H&E. Slides from both time-points were de-identified, shuffled and graded by Dr John Croese after which results from poorly orientated slides were verified by Dr Andrew Clouston. The Vh:Cd ratios were measured on 5 randomly selected well-orientated sites. The null hypothesis is that hookworm infection will not protect against mucosal damage following 12-week exposure to gluten in celiac disease.
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Timepoint [1]
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Week -24 to -36
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Secondary outcome [1]
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Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Count
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Assessment method [1]
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Biopsies were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, processed and carefully orientated and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections (3 µm) were stained with anti-CD3. All slides were de-identified and graded by Dr John Croese. The IEL percentages were measured on 2 or more randomly selected well-orientated villi. The null hypothesis is that hookworm infection will not protect against mucosal IEL influx following 12-week exposure to gluten in celiac disease.
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Timepoint [1]
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Week-24 and -36
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Secondary outcome [2]
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Number of Participants With 2 Points Increase in Marsh Score Post GC-1g
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Assessment method [2]
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The Marsh score is a defined but qualitative assessment assigned a value to allow for comparison. The scores were evaluated by consensus between the primary (chief) investigator and the study pathologist. The Marsh score was graded 0, 1, 2, 3A (assigned-4), 3B (-5) and 3C (-6); rage 1-6 with normal=0 and severe inflammation=6. Because the scoring is vulnerable to artefact, only a 2-point shift was regarded as a significant intra-individual change. The scores were graded after week-36 on biopsies de-identified shuffled. An upward shift was interpreted to reflect a significant worsening of gluten-associated inflammation. The comparison reported evaluated changes from baseline (week-24) to post-low-dose gluten challenge (week-24; GC-1g). The objective for using the Marsh score was to identify individuals who might have experienced a severe worsening in pathology due to GC-1g that might not be reflected in the Vh:Cd group analysis.
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Timepoint [2]
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Longitudinal change between week-24 and week-36
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Secondary outcome [3]
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Serum Anti-tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies Measured as International Units/mL (IU/mL)
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Assessment method [3]
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The trial was extended with pre-trial and mid-trial anti-tTG antibody levels used to compare with the post-trial levels. Anti-tTG is a serological measure of tissue transglutaminase-2 antibodies. In active celiac disease, levels are increased. In treated disease, levels are low (normal cut-off was <15 IU/mL). A significant increase compared to baseline in tTG can be expected 2 weeks after consuming 3g of gluten daily for 2 weeks in people with celiac disease who have been maintaining a gluten-free diet, but who are not taking other treatment.
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Timepoint [3]
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Anti-tTG IU/mL levels pre-trial, mid-trial and after 3 gram/day gluten challenge
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Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
- Previously enrolled adults who received an experimental hookworm infection with diet
treated celiac disease.
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Minimum age
18
Years
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Maximum age
No limit
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Sex
Both males and females
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Can healthy volunteers participate?
No
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Key exclusion criteria
- Immune suppressive therapies
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Study design
Purpose of the study
Prevention
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Allocation to intervention
N/A
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Procedure for enrolling a subject and allocating the treatment (allocation concealment procedures)
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Methods used to generate the sequence in which subjects will be randomised (sequence generation)
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Masking / blinding
Blinded (masking used)
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Who is / are masked / blinded?
The people assessing the outcomes
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Intervention assignment
Single group
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Other design features
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Phase
Phase 1/Phase 2
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Type of endpoint/s
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Statistical methods / analysis
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Recruitment
Recruitment status
Completed
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Data analysis
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Reason for early stopping/withdrawal
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Other reasons
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Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
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Actual
1/08/2012
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Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
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Actual
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Date of last data collection
Anticipated
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Actual
1/03/2014
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Sample size
Target
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Accrual to date
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Final
12
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Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
QLD
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Recruitment hospital [1]
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Prince Charles Hospital - Chermside
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Recruitment postcode(s) [1]
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4032 - Chermside
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Funding & Sponsors
Primary sponsor type
Other
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Name
The Prince Charles Hospital
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Address
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Country
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Other collaborator category [1]
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Other
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Name [1]
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National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia
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Address [1]
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Country [1]
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Ethics approval
Ethics application status
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Summary
Brief summary
We have established that the hookworm Necator americanus (Na) dramatically alters the local
and systemic immune landscape of the infected human host. Consistent with the principle of
desensitisation, diet managed celiac disease subjects previously infected by us with Na will
be invited to receive small incremental doses of gluten as pasta (3-25 mm straw of spaghetti)
over 16 weeks. Each participant will then be carefully re-assessed to determine if it is
appropriate to undertake a 12-week gluten challenge.
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Trial website
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01661933
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Trial related presentations / publications
Daveson AJ, Jones DM, Gaze S, McSorley H, Clouston A, Pascoe A, Cooke S, Speare R, Macdonald GA, Anderson R, McCarthy JS, Loukas A, Croese J. Effect of hookworm infection on wheat challenge in celiac disease--a randomised double-blinded placebo controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 8;6(3):e17366. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017366.
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Public notes
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Contacts
Principal investigator
Name
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John Croese, MD
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Address
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The Prince Charles Hospital, Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics
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Phone
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Fax
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Email
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Contact person for public queries
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Address
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Fax
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Email
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Contact person for scientific queries
Summary Results
For IPD and results data, please see
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01661933
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