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Trial registered on ANZCTR

Registration number

ACTRN12616001365459

Ethics application status

Approved

Date submitted

30/06/2016

Date registered

30/09/2016

Date last updated

30/09/2016

Type of registration

Retrospectively registered

Titles & IDs

Public title

Effects of Postural education in the musculoskeletal pain in children of basic education

Scientific title

Postural education: the relationship between Postural habits and musculoskeletal pain in children of basic education

Secondary ID [1]

None

Universal Trial Number (UTN)

U1111-1180-5145

Trial acronym

Linked study record

Health condition

Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:

Musculoskeletal pain

postural changes

Condition category

Condition code

Musculoskeletal

Other muscular and skeletal disorders

Intervention/exposure

Study type

Interventional

Description of intervention(s) / exposure

Considered the best way in order to maintain a healthy body and pain-free, maintaining perfect posture, along with regular physical activity, increase awareness to design an educational program of preventive approach, designed to be implemented in the environment school. This program, as well as the back-school, developed and implemented by Zachrisson (1981), aims to reduce the number of musculoskeletal complaints, especially in the spine area, presented by school children. It is believed that postural educational habits also play an essential role in the health of children, the Back-school program is responsible for bringing postural education for the school context, with different preventive strategies for children to apply in their daily lives.
This back-school education program recommends the following postural habits - Seated; standing; lying; backpack and transportation; Weight of transport:
- Sitting: Maintenance of standing back against the back of the chair; positioning the region of the closest possible glutes of the chair and your feet flat on the floor. Where the chair did not allow proper support of the feet on the ground, the students were asked to put a support (books, shoe box);
- Standing with the upright head; back straight and feet apart at shoulder width;
- Lying in lateral decubitus cushion in the head with a height equal to distance between the shoulder and neck and pillow between your legs;
- Carry a backpack with a strap on each shoulder, avoid carrying more than 10% by body weight.
- Survey and object transfer: proper way to pick up objects on the floor: perform the activity bending your knees and not the spine; correct way to transfer objects from one place to another, stand in front of the object, hold it with both hands and close to the body, avoiding twisting the trunk.
This program is carried out during physical education classes, with a frequency of 30 minutes 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The sessions with students were always carried out by the principal investigator, PhD in Human Kinetics, and the only teacher the role of observer. Before these sessions with students, the principal investigator instructed the teachers to the same rules to be passed to students, these sessions began a week before the investigation period and lasted until the end of it. These sessions were always conducted by the principal investigator and were conducted only for teachers in lectures with a frequency of 1 time 1 time per week for 5 weeks, giving indications of the positions that should guide their students during the class period.
These attitudes were reinforced with meetings held by the principal investigator, and teachers role of observing the posture of his students and guides them when they are inadequate, indicating the ideas postures provided in study sessions.

Intervention code [1]

Lifestyle

Comparator / control treatment

Maintaning the same postural habits and aanswer the questionaire at baseline and after 1 month.

Control group

Active

Outcomes

Primary outcome [1]

Analysis a musculoskeletal pain assessment in school age children using questionnaire according to Body Discomfort Scale (Corlett and Bishop, 1976) in order to verify and categorize the pain felt (where 0 corresponded to no pain and 5 to the full amount of pain felt by the subject), and its duration (acute pain, subacute or chronic pain).

Timepoint [1]

At baseline and after 1 month

Primary outcome [2]

Analysis an initial postural behavior assessment in school age children using questionnaire according to Body Discomfort Scale (Corlett and Bishop, 1976) and postural habits and changes during the school year.

Timepoint [2]

At baseline and after 1 month

Secondary outcome [1]

Analyse whether ergonomics postural recommended were implemented.

Timepoint [1]

Twice a weeks during four weeks after ergonomics postural recommended, there was a personal or telephone contact with teachers and parents

Secondary outcome [2]

Correlation between musculoskeletal pain and postural behaviour when ergonomics postural recommended was implemented using questionnaire according to Body Discomfort Scale (Corlett and Bishop, 1976).

Timepoint [2]

One month after postural recommendations are given

Eligibility

Key inclusion criteria

- Young and teenager,
- Belonging to the2nd Basic Education Cycle (5th grade) and the 3rd Basic Education Cycle (9th grade);
- Belonging to the Basic School 2/3 D. Dinis

Minimum age

10 Years

Maximum age

15 Years

Sex

Both males and females

Can healthy volunteers participate?

Yes

Key exclusion criteria

No exclusion criteria
All students that the parents consented, were analyzed

Study design

Purpose of the study

Educational / counselling / training

Allocation to intervention

Non-randomised trial

Procedure for enrolling a subject and allocating the treatment (allocation concealment procedures)

Not applicable

Methods used to generate the sequence in which subjects will be randomised (sequence generation)

Not applicable

Masking / blinding

Open (masking not used)

Who is / are masked / blinded?

Intervention assignment

Parallel

Other design features

Phase

Not Applicable

Type of endpoint/s

Statistical methods / analysis

For this purpose, all students in the 5th grade and 9th grade were invited to participate in this study.
In a population of 259 students (121 of 5th grade and 138 of the 9th grade) participated 204 students (78.8%) and 102 students of the 5th grade (84.3%) and 102 students in the 9th grade (73.9% ).
SPSS, 20.0 version was used in order to treat all the statistical data, for normality verification Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied before a descriptive analysis. This last, was calculated based upon standard methods. In order to analyze any characteristically difference between both groups, the t test was applied. In order to find variable relations Pearson’s correlate coefficient (r) was applied. The statistically level of significance was establish in p = 0.05.

Recruitment

Recruitment status

Completed

Date of first participant enrolment

Anticipated

Actual

27/03/2014

Date of last participant enrolment

Anticipated

Actual

2/05/2014

Date of last data collection

Anticipated

Actual

13/06/2014

Sample size

Target

200

Accrual to date

Final

204

Recruitment outside Australia

Country [1]

Portugal

State/province [1]

Leiria

Funding & Sponsors

Funding source category [1]

University

Name [1]

Research Centre for Human Movement Sciences (CIMH) of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria

Address [1]

Polytechnic Institute of Leiria-Campus 2 - Morro do Lena – Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4163 - 2411-901 Leiria

Country [1]

Portugal

Primary sponsor type

University

Name

Research Centre for Human Movement Sciences (CIMH) of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria

Address

Polytechnic Institute of Leiria-Campus 2 - Morro do Lena – Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4163 - 2411-901 Leiria

Country

Portugal

Secondary sponsor category [1]

None

Name [1]

none

Address [1]

none

Country [1]

Ethics approval

Ethics application status

Approved

Ethics committee name [1]

Research Centre for Human Movement Sciences (CIMH)

Ethics committee address [1]

Rua General Norton de Matos, Apartado 4133, 2411-901 Leiria

Ethics committee country [1]

Portugal

Date submitted for ethics approval [1]

06/01/2014

Approval date [1]

24/02/2014

Ethics approval number [1]

CIMH Approval Number: 3/2014

Summary

Brief summary

The study of the relationship between the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain and postural changes in the children and teenagers are of great relevance, because it allows the establishment of criteria in health care in individuals in the process of growth and maturation. The aim of this study is: i) Verify the influence of the postural habits and postural behavior during school period and; ii) Check if an ergonomics recommendation (with Back School postural recommendation program) can mean positive changes in the perception of back pain, according to ecological and environmental approach. The Back School program has assumed an important role in changing postural habits. We can consider the inclusion of postural education in the school environment with students from the 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education, i.e. preventive work , clarification and guidance can be developed for children and adolescents acquire attitudes of self-care with the spine and learn to prevent possible postural problems. The individuals were equally separated in two groups: Experimental Group and Control Group. A sample of 204 students from the 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education (children and teenagers) with age between 10 and 15 years old. Scale of bodily discomfort was adopted to check the references of the level of pain. The results indicated that there is a direct and significant (p <0.01), correlation between the time of onset of pain and perceived that same (2.59+/- 0.88 in chronic pain compared to 2:09+/- 1:09 in acute pain) intensity. Regarding postural habits, 88.5% of participants had poor posture, and these significantly (p <0.01), higher perception of pain (2.44+/- 0.98) compared with participants with adequate postures (2,06+/- 0.83). The relations obtained seem to prove the crucial role that postural education can have in therapeutic/reeducation terms, and especially in terms of prevention.

Trial website

Trial related presentations / publications

Public notes

Contacts

Principal investigator

Name

Prof Gustavo Coutinho Desouzart

Address

Polythecnic Institute of Leiria - Campus 2 - Morro do Lena – Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4163. 2411-901 Leiria – Portugal

Country

Portugal

Phone

+351911973370

Fax

+351244845300

[email protected]

Contact person for public queries

Name

Prof Gustavo Coutinho Desouzart

Address

Polythecnic Institute of Leiria - Campus 2 - Morro do Lena – Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4163. 2411-901 Leiria – Portugal

Country

Portugal

Phone

+351244845300

Fax

+351244845300

[email protected]

Contact person for scientific queries

Name

Prof Gustavo Coutinho Desouzart

Address

Polythecnic Institute of Leiria - Campus 2 - Morro do Lena – Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4163. 2411-901 Leiria – Portugal

Country

Portugal

Phone

+351911973370

Fax

+351244845300

[email protected]

No information has been provided regarding IPD availability

What supporting documents are/will be available?

Current supporting documents:

Updated to:

Doc. No.	Type	Citation	Link	Email	Other Details	Attachment
23419	Study protocol	Desouzart, G., Santos, C., & Filgueiras, E. (2020). VALIDATION OF THE POSTURE HABIT ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE (PHAQ) FOR THE PORTUGUESE POPULATION IN CHILDREN OF THE 2ND AND 3RD CYCLES OF BASIC EDUCATION. Egitania Sciencia, 1(26), 33-47.	http://193.137.162.62/index.php/egitania_sciencia/article/view/334

Results publications and other study-related documents

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Current Study Results

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Update to Study Results

Doc. No.	Type	Is Peer Reviewed?	DOI	Citations or Other Details	Attachment
4593	Study results article	Yes		jan/jun 2020 - Desouzart, G., Santos, C., & Filgue... [More Details]
4594	Study results article	Yes		jan/jun 2020 - Desouzart, G., Santos, C., & Filgue... [More Details]

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