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Trial registered on ANZCTR
Registration number
ACTRN12619001542189
Ethics application status
Approved
Date submitted
15/10/2019
Date registered
8/11/2019
Date last updated
8/11/2019
Date data sharing statement initially provided
8/11/2019
Type of registration
Prospectively registered
Titles & IDs
Public title
Close to the Bone: An investigation of bone health in young women with Coeliac Disease and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity compared to healthy controls.
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Scientific title
An investigation of bone health in young women with Coeliac Disease and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity compared to healthy controls.
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Secondary ID [1]
299522
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Nil Known
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Universal Trial Number (UTN)
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Trial acronym
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Linked study record
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Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
Coeliac disease
314808
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Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity
314832
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Low bone mineral density
314833
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Osteoporosis
314834
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Condition category
Condition code
Diet and Nutrition
313147
313147
0
0
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Other diet and nutrition disorders
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Inflammatory and Immune System
313168
313168
0
0
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Autoimmune diseases
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Oral and Gastrointestinal
313169
313169
0
0
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Other diseases of the mouth, teeth, oesophagus, digestive system including liver and colon
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Musculoskeletal
313170
313170
0
0
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Osteoporosis
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Intervention/exposure
Study type
Observational
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Patient registry
False
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Target follow-up duration
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Target follow-up type
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Description of intervention(s) / exposure
This study aims to investigate bone health in women with coeliac disease (CD) and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) compared with matched healthy controls. This study will require participants to complete a three-day diet diary in the week prior to their visit to the research unit, to assess nutrient intake. During their visit to the research unit they will have bone health assessed (bone mineral density, DXA; Quantitative Ultrasound, QUS); complete questionnaires to assess nutrient intake and physical activity level including retrospective information about past nutrient intake and exercise. In addition they will also have venous bloods to measure bone health (bone metabolism, CTX), nutrient status (vitamin B12; folate), markers of inflammatory status (CRP), thyroid function (namely TSH-h; T3 free; T4; Tg; anti-Tg; anti-TPO), calcium homeostasis (calcium; vitamin D; parathyroid hormone) and disease status (markers of coeliac disease - tissue-transglutaminase; endomysial antibodies). The overall duration will be one visit to the research unit of about 2 hours plus additional time outside of this visit to complete a three-day diet diary. No follow up is planned.
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Intervention code [1]
315800
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Diagnosis / Prognosis
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Comparator / control treatment
The control group will be young women aged 18-40 who are consuming a normal gluten containing diet and have no history of medical conditions which affect bone health.
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Control group
Active
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Outcomes
Primary outcome [1]
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Bone mineral density assessed through Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and bone quality measured through Quantitative ultrasound (QUS), this is a composite outcome.
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Assessment method [1]
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Timepoint [1]
321674
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Date of research unit visit
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Secondary outcome [1]
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Bone resorption assessed by plasma CTX-1 assay
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Assessment method [1]
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Timepoint [1]
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Date of research unit visit
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Secondary outcome [2]
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Dietary intake (composite) determined by 3-day diet diary and food frequency questionnaire assessed using the validated tools in the School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University
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Assessment method [2]
375900
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Timepoint [2]
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The 3-day diet diary will be completed within the week prior to visit to the research unit (at least 3 days prior). The food frequency questionnaire data will be collected at the visit to the Research Unit and includes questions about an average week and the previous month..
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Secondary outcome [3]
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Markers of inflammatory status (C-reactive protein; CRP) assessed via venous blood sample, this an exploratory outcome.
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Assessment method [3]
375902
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Timepoint [3]
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Date of research unit visit
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Secondary outcome [4]
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Physical activity level assessed using a modified version of the validated World Health Organization 'Global Physical Activity Questionnaire' (GPAQ)
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Assessment method [4]
375905
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Timepoint [4]
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Date of research unit visit
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Secondary outcome [5]
375906
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Markers for thyroid function (TSH-h, T3 free, T4, Tg, anti-Tg and anti-TPO) assessed via venous blood sample, this a composite outcome.
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Assessment method [5]
375906
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Timepoint [5]
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Date of research unit visit
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Secondary outcome [6]
375907
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Calcium homeostasis (plasma calcium and parathyroid hormone, PTH) assessed via venous blood sample, this is a composite outcome.
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Assessment method [6]
375907
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Timepoint [6]
375907
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Date of research unit visit
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Secondary outcome [7]
375908
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Disease state measured using markers for coeliac disease assessed via venous blood (endomysial antibodies, EMA and tissue transglutaminase, tTG), this a composite outcome.
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Assessment method [7]
375908
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Timepoint [7]
375908
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Date of research unit visit
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Secondary outcome [8]
375909
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Vitamin B12 status measured through venous blood sample, this is an exploratory outcome.
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Assessment method [8]
375909
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Timepoint [8]
375909
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Date of research unit visit
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Secondary outcome [9]
376545
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Vitamin D status assessed via venous blood sample, this is an exploratory outcome.
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Assessment method [9]
376545
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Timepoint [9]
376545
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Date of research unit visit
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Secondary outcome [10]
376546
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Folate measured through venous blood sample, this is an exploratory outcome.
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Assessment method [10]
376546
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Timepoint [10]
376546
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Date of research unit visit
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Secondary outcome [11]
376547
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Iron status measured through finger prick blood sample, this is an exploratory outcome.
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Assessment method [11]
376547
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Timepoint [11]
376547
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Date of research unit visit
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Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
To become a participant, you will need to:
- Be a healthy female consuming a normal gluten-containing diet.
OR
- Be a female medically diagnosed with coeliac disease (by biopsy), who has consumed a strict gluten free diet for at least 12 months
OR
- Be a female medically diagnosed with non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (i.e. have received a negative diagnosis for coeliac disease by serology and biopsy but have been medically advised to adhere to a GF diet due to improvements in symptoms), who has consumed a strict gluten free diet for at least 12 months
AND
- Be aged between 18-40 years
- Live in the Palmerston North and Wellington Regions
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Minimum age
18
Years
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Maximum age
40
Years
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Sex
Females
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Can healthy volunteers participate?
Yes
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Key exclusion criteria
Previous/current medication affecting bone metabolism (e.g. corticosteroids, bisphosphonates, selective oestrogen receptor modulators); medical conditions affecting bone health; pregnancy and lactation; known history of inflammatory conditions other than CD and NCGS; BMI>30 (derived from screening questionnaire); have not had your condition medically diagnosed according to standard criteria (for the CD and NCGS group).
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Study design
Purpose
Natural history
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Duration
Cross-sectional
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Selection
Defined population
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Timing
Both
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Statistical methods / analysis
Sample size is based on power calculations to see a difference in bone mineral density between people with Coeliac Disease (CD) and healthy controls. To detect a difference between these two groups, 39 participants are required in each group with effect size 0.41 at power 0.95 and probability of type 1 error 0.05 [1]. It is difficult to determine the number of participants required for the non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) group to gain a significant result due to limited prior research in this area. Previous research investigating risk of osteoporosis in this group has investigated both genders and did not compare findings with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Based on the previous research, we hypothesise that bone mineral density will be higher in the NCGS group than CD [2], but lower than healthy controls. Sample size is calculated as 141 (47 in each group), factoring in incomplete data sets/misdiagnosis of 20%. This will allow us to determine the difference in bone mineral density between these.
1. Szymczak, J. et al. Low bone mineral density in adult patients with coeliac disease. Endocrynol. Pol. 63, 270-276 (2012).
2. Carroccio, A. et al. Risk of low bone mineral density and low body mass index in patients with non-celiac wheat-sensitivity: a prospective observation study. BMC. Med. 12, 230 (2014).
Statistical analyses will be carried out using R statistical software. The Schofield equation will be used to calculate the metabolic rate. The ratio of energy intake (EI) to basal metabolic rate (BMR) will be used to evaluate relative accuracy of reported energy intake using the Goldberg cut-off. The ratio EI:BMR as defined by WHO/FAO/UNU:- 1.27 for minimum survival level, 1.56 for sedentary level and 2.0-2.4 for maximum sustainable lifestyle level will be used to compare the degree of underreporting and over-reporting in the subjects.
Descriptive, repeated measures ANOVA, correlation, linear regression will be used. A P value of < 0.05 will be considered as significant.
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Recruitment
Recruitment status
Not yet recruiting
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Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
18/11/2019
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Actual
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Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
31/12/2020
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Actual
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Date of last data collection
Anticipated
31/01/2021
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Actual
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Sample size
Target
141
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Accrual to date
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Final
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Recruitment outside Australia
Country [1]
21922
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New Zealand
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State/province [1]
21922
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Lower North Island
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Funding & Sponsors
Funding source category [1]
304015
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University
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Name [1]
304015
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School of Food & Advanced Technology Postgraduate Funding, Massey University
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Address [1]
304015
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School of Food & Advanced Technology
Massey University
Private Bag 11222
Palmerston North 4442
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Country [1]
304015
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New Zealand
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Primary sponsor type
University
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Name
Massey University
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Address
School of Food & Advanced Technology
Massey University
Private Bag 11222
Palmerston North 4442
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Country
New Zealand
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Secondary sponsor category [1]
304189
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None
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Name [1]
304189
0
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Address [1]
304189
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Country [1]
304189
0
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Ethics approval
Ethics application status
Approved
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Ethics committee name [1]
304507
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Massey University Human Ethics Committee: Southern A
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Ethics committee address [1]
304507
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Chairperson
Research Centre for Maori Health & Development
Massey University
Private Bag 11222
Palmerston North 4442
New Zealand
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Ethics committee country [1]
304507
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New Zealand
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Date submitted for ethics approval [1]
304507
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24/10/2018
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Approval date [1]
304507
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08/02/2019
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Ethics approval number [1]
304507
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SOA 18/73
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Summary
Brief summary
Osteoporosis is a frequent finding in people with Coeliac Disease at the time of diagnosis; rigorous compliance with a gluten-free diet after diagnosis does not result in full recovery of bone health in a significant proportion of individuals.
We hypothesise that the Gut-Bone Axis becomes dysfunctional in Coeliac Disease and that the bone tissue continues to produce signals which affect bone turnover and cause the gut to be persistently inflamed, compromising nutrient absorption and promoting hypersensitivity to dietary components.
We will compare bone health (by a DXA scan of bone mineral density and Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS)) and bone metabolism (using blood-borne markers of bone turnover) and nutrient status in women with Coeliac Disease, with healthy controls and women who have Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity.
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Trial website
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Trial related presentations / publications
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Public notes
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Contacts
Principal investigator
Name
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Mrs Katie Schraders
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Address
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School of Food and Advanced Technology
Massey University
Private Bag 11222
Palmerston North 4442
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Country
97190
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New Zealand
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Phone
97190
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+64 277237435
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Fax
97190
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Email
97190
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[email protected]
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Contact person for public queries
Name
97191
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Mrs Katie Schraders
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Address
97191
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School of Food and Advanced Technology
Massey University
Private Bag 11222
Palmerston North 4442
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Country
97191
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New Zealand
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Phone
97191
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+64 277237435
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Fax
97191
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Email
97191
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[email protected]
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Contact person for scientific queries
Name
97192
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Prof Marlena Kruger
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Address
97192
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School of Health Sciences
Massey University
Private Bag 11222
Palmerston North 4442
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Country
97192
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New Zealand
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Phone
97192
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+64 6 9517571
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Fax
97192
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Email
97192
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[email protected]
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Data sharing statement
Will individual participant data (IPD) for this trial be available (including data dictionaries)?
No
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No/undecided IPD sharing reason/comment
No ethics approval for this aspect.
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What supporting documents are/will be available?
No Supporting Document Provided
Results publications and other study-related documents
Documents added manually
No documents have been uploaded by study researchers.
Documents added automatically
No additional documents have been identified.
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