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Trial Review
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Trial registered on ANZCTR
Registration number
ACTRN12621001011875
Ethics application status
Approved
Date submitted
4/06/2021
Date registered
2/08/2021
Date last updated
29/03/2022
Date data sharing statement initially provided
2/08/2021
Type of registration
Prospectively registered
Titles & IDs
Public title
WHOS Coming Off Buprenorphine: understanding the experience of withdrawing from buprenorphine medication in the treatment of opioid dependence
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Scientific title
Characterizing withdrawal from depot buprenorphine: an observational case series of opioid dependent clients withdrawal from buprenorphine formulations in a residential treatment setting
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Secondary ID [1]
304400
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None
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Universal Trial Number (UTN)
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Trial acronym
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Linked study record
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Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
Opioid Dependence (Opioid Use Disorder)
322193
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Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
322194
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Condition category
Condition code
Mental Health
319883
319883
0
0
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Addiction
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Intervention/exposure
Study type
Observational
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Patient registry
False
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Target follow-up duration
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Target follow-up type
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Description of intervention(s) / exposure
Participants will be admitted into a 16-week residential rehabilitation program, during which they will undertake withdrawal from their routinely prescribed buprenorphine medication.
There are two groups of participants - those withdrawing from depot buprenorphine, and those withdrawing from sublingual buprenorphine (determined by the medication prescribed in the community prior to admission - i.e., self-selected comparison groups). It is an open-label study with participants and treatment providers aware of the medication being used.
Arm 1: Participants in the depot buprenorphine group will recieve one dose of 64mg modified release Subcutaneous depot buprenorphine injection (Buvidal Monthly) administered in the first week of treatment in the rehabilitation program. No further doses of buprenorphine will be administered to the participants in the depot buprenorphine arm.
Arm 2: Doses for participants in the sublingual buprenorphine group will be individualsed according to the participant's usual dose at entry into the program (commencing from a maximum of 24mg daily dose) and undertake a gradual dose taper with weekly dose reductions of 2-4mg per week to 0mg over the first 8 weeks of the program - with flexibility of up to a 2 week extension (ie reaching zero mg by week 10), determined by each participant in consultation with the study medical officer. Sublingual buprenorphine is supervised by nursing staff, and administered once a day (mornings).
All medications are supervised in the residential unit, and adherence to medications will be documented by review of medication charts.
All participants (both arms) will undergo routine psychosocial and group programs and activities of the residential service during the 16 week admission. These occupy approximately 6 hours a day and consist of health oriented psychoeducation, life skills training, exercise program, vocational activities (e.g. computer skills, literacy skills), relapse prevention counselling interventions, together with 'house meetings' and recreational activities. These services are delivered by mental health trained nurses, allied health and peer workers.
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Intervention code [1]
321016
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Not applicable
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Comparator / control treatment
Outcomes for participants in the two arms (sublingual versus depot buprenorphine) will be compared. Both arms involve routine clinical care, with the study aiming to characterise the profile of the opiate withdrawal syndrome as participants in each arm discontinue their buprenorphine medication.
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Control group
Active
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Outcomes
Primary outcome [1]
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The primary outcome is the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) (Wesson and Ling 2003), an 11-item instrument that includes both subjective symptoms and objective signs of opiate withdrawal, and administered by trained nursing staff .
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Assessment method [1]
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Timepoint [1]
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Data collected at baseline (entry) and at weekly intervals over course of 16-week admission
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Primary outcome [2]
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Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (Handelsman et al 1987) measures the severity of subjective symptoms of opiate withdrawal using a 16-item checklist, and self-completed by participants.
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Assessment method [2]
328094
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Timepoint [2]
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Measured at baseline and at weekly intervals over the 16-week admission.
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Primary outcome [3]
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Objective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (OOWS) (Handelsman et al 1987), is a 13-item scale that assesses signs of opiate withdrawal, and completed by training nursing staff.
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Assessment method [3]
328095
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Timepoint [3]
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Administered at baseline and at weekly intervals over the 16 week admission.
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Secondary outcome [1]
396508
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Adverse events: assessed by study medical officer assessment of participants
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Assessment method [1]
396508
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Timepoint [1]
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Assessed at structured medical reviews, at a minimum of 4-weekly intervals, and on completion of the study for each participant (week 16 or end of treatment). There is the capacity for more frequent assessment and management of adverse events as clinically indicated.
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Secondary outcome [2]
396509
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Completion of residential withdrawal episode, Operationalized as the participant remaining in the residential unit for at least 12 weeks following admission, and for at least 4 weeks after cessation of opioid medication. Audited from residential unit medical records.
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Assessment method [2]
396509
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Timepoint [2]
396509
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Recorded at completion of protocol (16 week) or end-of-treatment for each participant.
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Secondary outcome [3]
396527
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Subjective measures of sleep using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) - a self-rated questionnaire.
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Assessment method [3]
396527
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Timepoint [3]
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ISI administered at baseline and weekly intervals over 16-week period
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Secondary outcome [4]
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Objective measures of sleep using Actigraphy, Measures calculated will include sleep onset latency, total sleep duration, sleep efficiency, time spent in bed.
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Assessment method [4]
396528
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Timepoint [4]
396528
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Actigraphy is a continous measurement over the 16-week protocol
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Secondary outcome [5]
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Participant ratings of general health status: PROMIS29
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Assessment method [5]
396529
0
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Timepoint [5]
396529
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PROMIS29 collected at baseline and 4 weekly intervals over the 16-week protocol
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Secondary outcome [6]
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Urine drug screen assayed for buprenorphine (quantitative assays) .
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Assessment method [6]
396530
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Timepoint [6]
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At baseline and 4 week intervals over the 16-week protocol
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Secondary outcome [7]
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Patient rated satisfaction and experience: measure using the Treatment Satisfaction Medication Questionnaire (TSQM), a validated compsote scale with 4 subscales.
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Assessment method [7]
396531
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Timepoint [7]
396531
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TSQM collected at baseline and 4 weekly intervals over the 16-week protocol
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Secondary outcome [8]
397620
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Cravings for substance use, measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (0-100)
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Assessment method [8]
397620
0
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Timepoint [8]
397620
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Measured at baseline and at weekly intervals over the 16-week protocol
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Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
In buprenorphine treatment for indication of opioid dependence, and willing to discontinue buprenorphine treatment in a long-term residential rehabilitation setting.
For participants in depot buprenorphine arm:
1. In buprenorphine treatment for at least 8 weeks prior to projected admission date
2. In treatment with Buvidal Monthly (64, 96 or 128mg) for at least 1 dose (administered 4±1 weeks), or Buvidal Weekly (16mg, 24mg or 32mg) for at least 4 doses (administered 7±2 days) prior to projected admission date.
For participants in SL buprenorphine arm:
1. In SL buprenorphine treatment for at least 8 weeks prior to projected admission date.
2. On a SL BPN dose of no greater than 24 mg daily in the week prior to admission
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Minimum age
18
Years
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Maximum age
80
Years
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Sex
Both males and females
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Can healthy volunteers participate?
No
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Key exclusion criteria
1. Likely to experience a withdrawal syndrome from another substance, including alcohol, BZDs, cannabis, opioids and stimulants. Operationalized as using substances on 4 days or more (on average) in the 4 weeks preceding the admission (ATOP Substance Use section - alcohol at 80gm per day; cannabis; benzodiazepines; amphetamine type substances, heroin or prescription opioids),
2. Active severe medical (e.g. unstable mental health, chronic pain) or social conditions (e.g. impending court case with likely custodial sentence) that mitigate against an admission for withdrawal from opioid agonist treatment .
3. Significant changes in use of other psychoactive medications in the 28 days prior to admission (e.g. antidepressant, anti-convulsant, antipsychotic medications). Exclusions include clients seeking to initiate, cease or substantially change their dose in the 28 days prior to admission, or during the admission.
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Study design
Purpose
Natural history
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Duration
Longitudinal
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Selection
Defined population
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Timing
Prospective
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Statistical methods / analysis
Mixed effects models for repeated measures (MMRM) regressions will be used to estimate overall rate of change and group differences in rate of change in primary and secondary outcomes. Within these models the simple effects of treatment type (depot vs sublingual) at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 will be estimated using least-squares means. Logistic regression will be used to estimate the effect of treatment type on odds of successful completion of treatment.
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Recruitment
Recruitment status
Recruiting
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Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
20/08/2021
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Actual
3/09/2021
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Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
30/12/2022
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Actual
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Date of last data collection
Anticipated
30/04/2022
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Actual
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Sample size
Target
30
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Accrual to date
4
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Final
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Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
NSW
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Funding & Sponsors
Funding source category [1]
308769
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Commercial sector/Industry
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Name [1]
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Camurus Pty Ltd
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Address [1]
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Hyde Park Hub
223 Liverpool St
Darlinghurst
NSW 2010
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Country [1]
308769
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Australia
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Funding source category [2]
308777
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Hospital
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Name [2]
308777
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SESLHD, Drug and Alcohol Services
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Address [2]
308777
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c/o The Langton Centre
591 South Dowling Street, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010
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Country [2]
308777
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Australia
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Primary sponsor type
Government body
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Name
South East Sydney Local Health District
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Address
c/o TheLangton Centre, 591 South Dowling Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010
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Country
Australia
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Secondary sponsor category [1]
309686
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None
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Name [1]
309686
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Address [1]
309686
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Country [1]
309686
0
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Other collaborator category [1]
281844
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University
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Name [1]
281844
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University of Sydney
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Address [1]
281844
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City Road, Camperdown NSW 2006
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Country [1]
281844
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Australia
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Other collaborator category [2]
281845
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Other Collaborative groups
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Name [2]
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NSW Drug and Alcohol Clinical Research and Improvement Network
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Address [2]
281845
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c/o The Langton Centre,
591 South Dowling Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010
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Country [2]
281845
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Australia
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Other collaborator category [3]
281846
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Charities/Societies/Foundations
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Name [3]
281846
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We Help OurSelves (WHOS)
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Address [3]
281846
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1Broughton Hall Building 195,
Glover Street
Lilyfield NSW 2040
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Country [3]
281846
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Australia
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Ethics approval
Ethics application status
Approved
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Ethics committee name [1]
308684
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South East Sydney Local Health District
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Ethics committee address [1]
308684
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c/o Prince of Wales Hospital, 320-346 Barker St, Randwick, NSW 2031
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Ethics committee country [1]
308684
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Australia
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Date submitted for ethics approval [1]
308684
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01/12/2020
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Approval date [1]
308684
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01/03/2021
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Ethics approval number [1]
308684
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2020/ETH01924
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Summary
Brief summary
The introduction of long acting depot (modified release) buprenorphine subcutaneous injections in recent years is a significant addition to the medication options for the treatment of opioid dependence. These medications are long acting and enable 'once a month' doses rather than daily medication such as sublingual buprenorphine - which are often associated with inconvenience and cost for patients and health services.
However little is known about the nature of the withdrawal syndrome that occurs if patients discontinue depot buprenorphine medication. The aim of this study is to describe the profile of withdrawal signs and symptoms in participants discontinuing opioid treatment with a 4-weekly depot buprenorphine formulation, and to compare against the withdrawal profile of a parallel group of participants discontinuing opioid treatment using sublingual buprenorphine. Participants will be monitored over a 16-week admission in a residential rehabilitation unit that assists clients withdrawing from opioid agonist treatment; and participants will withdraw using the buprenorphine formulation they are prescribed prior to the admission (a non-randomised comparison group). The main outcome is opiate withdrawal severity (subjective and objective features) over the course of the admission, with secondary outcomes of cravings, adverse events, general heath, sleep measures and patient experience. .
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Trial website
N/A
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Trial related presentations / publications
N/A
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Public notes
The study aims to address one of the key gaps in our understanding of the new long-acting depot buprenorphine: what is the nature of the withdrawal syndrome when stopping this treatment - compared to the withdrawal profile seen with more conventional sublingual buprenorphine reductions.
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Contacts
Principal investigator
Name
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Prof Nicholas Lintzeris
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Address
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South East Sydney Local Health District Drug and Alcohol Services
c/o The Langon Centre, 591 South Dowling Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010
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Country
111546
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Australia
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Phone
111546
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+61419261675
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Fax
111546
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Email
111546
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[email protected]
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Contact person for public queries
Name
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Prof Nicholas Lintzeris
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Address
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South East Sydney Local Health District Drug and Alcohol Services
c/o The Langon Centre, 591 South Dowling Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010
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Country
111547
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Australia
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Phone
111547
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+61419261675
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Fax
111547
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Email
111547
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[email protected]
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Contact person for scientific queries
Name
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Prof Nicholas Lintzeris
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Address
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South East Sydney Local Health District Drug and Alcohol Services
c/o The Langon Centre, 591 South Dowling Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010
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Country
111548
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Australia
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Phone
111548
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+61419261675
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Fax
111548
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Email
111548
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[email protected]
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Data sharing statement
Will individual participant data (IPD) for this trial be available (including data dictionaries)?
Yes
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What data in particular will be shared?
Deidentified data regarding participants characteritics, treatment interventions and outcomes can be shared
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When will data be available (start and end dates)?
After completion of project (Jan 2023). Data requests will be available for up to 7 years after the completion of the study.
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Available to whom?
To researchers upon written request to the PI (Prof Nicholas Lintzeris)
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Available for what types of analyses?
For secondary analyses and data pooling (e.g. metanalysis)
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How or where can data be obtained?
Written request to prof Nicholas Lintzeris via email address
[email protected]
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What supporting documents are/will be available?
No Supporting Document Provided
Doc. No.
Type
Citation
Link
Email
Other Details
Attachment
11909
Study protocol
N/A
[email protected]
11910
Clinical study report
N/A
[email protected]
Results publications and other study-related documents
Documents added manually
No documents have been uploaded by study researchers.
Documents added automatically
No additional documents have been identified.
Download to PDF