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Trial registered on ANZCTR
Registration number
ACTRN12623000538640
Ethics application status
Approved
Date submitted
4/05/2023
Date registered
22/05/2023
Date last updated
22/05/2024
Date data sharing statement initially provided
22/05/2023
Date results information initially provided
22/05/2024
Type of registration
Prospectively registered
Titles & IDs
Public title
Emotional Freedom Techniques (Tapping) for Building Forgiveness
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Scientific title
A randomised clinical trial of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) versus control for forgiveness among adults who have had a transgression
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Secondary ID [1]
309601
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Nil
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Universal Trial Number (UTN)
U1111-1292-1616
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Trial acronym
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Linked study record
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Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
Resentment
329913
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Condition category
Condition code
Mental Health
326823
326823
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0
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Studies of normal psychology, cognitive function and behaviour
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Mental Health
326919
326919
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0
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Other mental health disorders
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Intervention/exposure
Study type
Interventional
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Description of intervention(s) / exposure
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) is a type of exposure therapy which includes a somatic and cognitive component for altering the cognitive, behavioural, and neurochemical foundations of psychological problems. Likened to a version of psychological acupuncture but without the use of fine needles, EFT combines components of traditional approaches (including cognitive and exposure therapy) with acupoint stimulation. By using a tapping technique (with two fingers) to stimulate acupressure points on the face and upper body, and incorporating a cognitive element that involves the individual states his/her concern aloud as he/she performs the tapping.
Participants will watch a video online of the EFT process, and follow along for their own recent experience of being 'hurt' (a transgression) or having resentment towards someone external. It will take 30 minutes and can be done privately at home, online and anonymously.
Participants will be randomly allocated ot the EFT intervention or control group via computer randomisation. This is a single session of 30 minutes only. They will complete the pre and post measure package online before and after the session. It will be anonymous.
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Intervention code [1]
326024
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Behaviour
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Intervention code [2]
326102
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Treatment: Other
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Comparator / control treatment
The control group will complete various colour/shape matching exercises before and after the questionnaire package while they still think of a recent transgression someone did to them. The session is 30 minutes duration and online delivery.
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Control group
Active
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Outcomes
Primary outcome [1]
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Positive, benevolent motivations as measured by the Trasngression-Related Interpersonal Motivations (TRIM) Inventory 18.
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Assessment method [1]
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Timepoint [1]
334665
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Baseline (pre-EFT or control condition) and post the EFT or control condition intervention
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Primary outcome [2]
334666
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Empathy as measured by the Batson Empathy Scale
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Assessment method [2]
334666
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Timepoint [2]
334666
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Baseline (pre-EFT or control condition) and post the EFT or control condition intervention
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Primary outcome [3]
334667
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State specific rumination as measured by the Rumination about an Interpersonal Offense Scale
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Assessment method [3]
334667
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Timepoint [3]
334667
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Baseline (pre-EFT or control condition) and post the EFT or control condition intervention
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Secondary outcome [1]
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Perceived injustice gap as measured by the Injustice Gap Scale
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Assessment method [1]
421621
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Timepoint [1]
421621
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Baseline (pre-EFT or control condition) and post the EFT or control condition intervention
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Secondary outcome [2]
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positive and negative emotions as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS10) - these are both assessed within this 1 measure as secondary outcomes
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Assessment method [2]
421622
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Timepoint [2]
421622
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Baseline (pre-EFT or control condition) and post the EFT or control condition intervention
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Secondary outcome [3]
421623
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stress feelings as measured by a single item likert scale
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Assessment method [3]
421623
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Timepoint [3]
421623
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Baseline (pre-EFT or control condition) and post the EFT or control condition intervention
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Secondary outcome [4]
421624
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core symptoms/signs of depression and anxiety as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 - these are both assessed within the 1 measure as secondary outcomes
Depression and anxiety be analysed together as a composite outcome
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Assessment method [4]
421624
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Timepoint [4]
421624
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Baseline (pre-EFT or control condition) and post the EFT or control condition intervention
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Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
This study is for adults 18 years+ who have had a transgression (i.e. someone who has 'hurt' them and they wish to release that feeling).
Access to the internet is needed, and English speaking
Must be willing to be randomly allocated to either the EFT intervention or a control condition
Willing to complete the baseline and post questionnaire, and have 30 minutes available to complete the trial.
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Minimum age
18
Years
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Maximum age
No limit
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Sex
Both males and females
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Can healthy volunteers participate?
No
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Key exclusion criteria
Under 18 years
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Study design
Purpose of the study
Treatment
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Allocation to intervention
Randomised controlled trial
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Procedure for enrolling a subject and allocating the treatment (allocation concealment procedures)
central randomisation by the computer program
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Methods used to generate the sequence in which subjects will be randomised (sequence generation)
Simple randomisation using a randomisation table created by computer software (i.e. computerised sequence generation)
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Masking / blinding
Blinded (masking used)
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Who is / are masked / blinded?
The people assessing the outcomes
The people analysing the results/data
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Intervention assignment
Parallel
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Other design features
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Phase
Not Applicable
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Type of endpoint/s
Efficacy
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Statistical methods / analysis
One way analysis of variance will be used to determine whether or not there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the EFT or control groups on the measures
An a priori power analysis was conducted using G*Power version 3.1.9.7 (Faul et al., 2007) for sample size estimation.
With a significance criterion for 2 groups (EFT vs control) of a = .05 and power = .90, the minimum sample size needed with this effect size is N = 100 for ANOVA (for 7 measurements).
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Recruitment
Recruitment status
Completed
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Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
30/06/2023
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Actual
30/06/2023
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Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
31/08/2023
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Actual
1/12/2023
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Date of last data collection
Anticipated
31/10/2023
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Actual
1/12/2023
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Sample size
Target
100
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Accrual to date
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Final
100
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Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
ACT,NSW,NT,QLD,SA,TAS,WA,VIC
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Recruitment outside Australia
Country [1]
25431
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United States of America
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State/province [1]
25431
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all states are eligible
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Funding & Sponsors
Funding source category [1]
313783
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Self funded/Unfunded
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Name [1]
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Dr Peta Stapleton
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Address [1]
313783
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School of Psychology
Bond University
University Dr
Robina Queensland Australia 4229
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Country [1]
313783
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Australia
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Primary sponsor type
University
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Name
Bond University
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Address
School of Psychology
Bond University
University Dr
Robina Queensland Australia 4229
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Country
Australia
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Secondary sponsor category [1]
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University
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Name [1]
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Luther College
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Address [1]
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Luther College
School of Psychology
700 College Drive
Decorah, Iowa 52101 USA
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Country [1]
315616
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United States of America
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Ethics approval
Ethics application status
Approved
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Ethics committee name [1]
312951
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Bond University Human Research Ethics Committee
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Ethics committee address [1]
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Bond University
University Dr
Robina Queensland Australia 4229
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Ethics committee country [1]
312951
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Australia
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Date submitted for ethics approval [1]
312951
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17/02/2022
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Approval date [1]
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03/06/2022
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Ethics approval number [1]
312951
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PS00190
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Summary
Brief summary
This research is being conducted to investigate the impact of a single session of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) on Forgiveness. Emotional Freedom Techniques is likened to a version of psychological acupuncture but without the use of fine needles, It uses a tapping technique (with two fingers) to stimulate pressure points on the face and upper body, and incorporating a cognitive element that involves the individual stating his/her concern aloud as he/she performs the tapping.
While the studies indicating EFT is effective for stress reduction is robust, research has not yet examined the impact of EFT for forgiveness.
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Trial website
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Trial related presentations / publications
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Public notes
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Contacts
Principal investigator
Name
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A/Prof Peta Stapleton
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Address
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School of Psychology
Bond University
University Dr
Robina Queensland Australia 4229
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Country
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Australia
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Phone
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+61 755952515
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Fax
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Email
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[email protected]
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Contact person for public queries
Name
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A/Prof Peta Stapleton
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Address
126455
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School of Psychology
Bond University
University Dr
Robina Queensland Australia 4229
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Country
126455
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Australia
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Phone
126455
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+61 755952515
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Fax
126455
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Email
126455
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[email protected]
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Contact person for scientific queries
Name
126456
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A/Prof Peta Stapleton
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Address
126456
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School of Psychology
Bond University
University Dr
Robina Queensland Australia 4229
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Country
126456
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Australia
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Phone
126456
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+61 755952515
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Fax
126456
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Email
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[email protected]
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Data sharing statement
Will individual participant data (IPD) for this trial be available (including data dictionaries)?
Yes
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What data in particular will be shared?
De-identified/anonymous raw line-by-line data collected from each participant.
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When will data be available (start and end dates)?
Start will be end of the trial (likely to be 31st October 2023)
There won't be an end date as we will store in an accessible data storage (e.g. OSF)
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Available to whom?
only researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal, or case-by-case basis at the
discretion of Primary investigator
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Available for what types of analyses?
meta analysis
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How or where can data be obtained?
The Principal Investigator on
[email protected]
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What supporting documents are/will be available?
No Supporting Document Provided
Doc. No.
Type
Citation
Link
Email
Other Details
Attachment
19093
Ethical approval
385849-(Uploaded-04-05-2023-16-30-58)-Study-related document.pdf
Results publications and other study-related documents
Documents added manually
No documents have been uploaded by study researchers.
Documents added automatically
No additional documents have been identified.
Download to PDF