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Trial registered on ANZCTR
Registration number
ACTRN12624000924550
Ethics application status
Approved
Date submitted
9/07/2024
Date registered
31/07/2024
Date last updated
31/07/2024
Date data sharing statement initially provided
31/07/2024
Type of registration
Prospectively registered
Titles & IDs
Public title
Evaluation of i-RECOveR-TH: An interdisciplinary intervention for delayed recovery after concussion using telehealth
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Scientific title
Pilot evaluation of Interdisciplinary REhabilitation for COncussion Recovery using TeleHealth (i-RECOveR-TH): Investigating the impact on concussion symptoms in individuals who have experienced a mild traumatic brain injury
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Secondary ID [1]
312353
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None
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Universal Trial Number (UTN)
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Trial acronym
i-RECOveR-TH: Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation for Concussion Recovey Using Telehealth
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Linked study record
Parent study: ACTRN12620001111965
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Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
concussion
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persisting post-concussion symptoms
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traumatic brain injury
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mild traumatic brain injury
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Condition category
Condition code
Neurological
330801
330801
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0
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Other neurological disorders
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Physical Medicine / Rehabilitation
330802
330802
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0
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Other physical medicine / rehabilitation
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Physical Medicine / Rehabilitation
330803
330803
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0
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Physiotherapy
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Injuries and Accidents
330804
330804
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0
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Other injuries and accidents
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Intervention/exposure
Study type
Interventional
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Description of intervention(s) / exposure
All participants will receive intervention from a neuropsychologist, physiotherapist, and sports medicine physician. Participants will be posted equipment packs to facilitate physiotherapy treatment via telehealth, including heart rate monitor, paddle pop sticks, laminated pages with numbers and checkers, and a ruler.
All participants will receive an initial 60–90-minute consultation with a neuropsychologist, physiotherapist, and medicine physician. The initial consultations will take place via telehealth using online video conferencing. Following initial consultations, clinicians will meet via case conference to discuss individualised treatment plans.
Participants will be offered up to an additional 7 sessions each of psychological and physiotherapy treatment as required based on the initial interviews. (i.e. A total of 16 sessions of treatment will be offered for physiotherapy and psychology). Treatment sessions will be delivered online via videoconference. Psychological treatment sessions will last between 60-90 minutes at a maximum of once a week. Physiotherapy treatment sessions will last for 45-60 minutes and will be at a maximum of once a week. Participants will also be offered ongoing medical management/review/consultations as required via telehealth over the 8-week program.
The psychological intervention will be oriented toward a cognitive-behavioural framework as described by Beck (1979) and will be adapted from previous manuals developed by Ferguson and Mittenberg (1996) and Silverberg et al. (2013) and will comprise of goal setting and review, psychoeducation, activity scheduling, cognitive restructuring, anxiety management training, cognitive compensation intervention and sleep intervention. As part of this therapy, participants will be provided with educational materials adapted from readily available resources (published materials such as the Mild Head Injury Bookelet; https://www.monash.edu/medicine/psych/merrc/resources) as well as provided with material specially designed for this study.
Participants will also be assessed by a physiotherapist and will be provided treatment in the following domains as required: ocular, vestibular, cervical, and autonomic system functioning. Physical therapy intervention will be specific to their assessment and may comprise of vestibular rehabilitation, manual therapy, cervical strengthening, proprioceptive training, and a graded exercise program. Examples of ocular retraining include convergence exercises where participants will watch a target as it moves towards them, saccadic retraining where participants quickly move their gaze between targets, and smooth pursuit training where the participant watches a moving target. Examples of vestibular rehabilitation are gaze stabilisation where participants turn their head and focus on a target (this is done to a particular speed predetermined by the physiotherapy assessing the participant), VOR cancellation exercises where participants watch a target move through space by turning their whole body, and motion sensitivity exercises such as, walking, and gaze stabilisation or VOR cancellation. Examples of cervical rehabilitation include cervical strengthening such as deep neck flexor strengthening, and proprioception training with a target and a laser to rehabilitate sensory awareness of the neck. Graded exercise is defined as exercise of the participant's choice that can be safely done for 20 minutes. Exercise will be targeted at a particular heart rate. The starting heart rate will be defined as 85% of the point of failure of the subject on Montreal Virtual Exertion test. Heart rates will increase in line with a decrease in participant's symptoms. This will be assessed and closely monitored by the physiotherapist. Graded exercise will generally be walking, running or stationary bike, however, other modes such as swimming could be introduced if tolerated and preferred by the participant. The physiotherapist will outline an individualised treatment and home program based on the assessment. Equipment used throughout the assessment and rehabilitation include various targets (a paddle pop, sticky labels), balls for motion sensitivity and a heart rate monitor for tracking heart rate.
Medical management of persistent post-concussion symptoms will comprise of one consultation (same as initial consultation) with the physician which may include pharmacological management of symptoms as well as advice regarding return to activities (e.g. work, sport, school).
Treatment fidelity:
Adherence to the manualised CBT intervention will be rated by an independent psychologist who will listen to audio/video recordings of 10% of the sessions. To assess physiotherapy treatment fidelity, 10% of the sessions will be rated by an independent physiotherapist.
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Intervention code [1]
328848
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Rehabilitation
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Intervention code [2]
328849
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Treatment: Other
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Comparator / control treatment
No control group. This study will be a single case series experimental design with multiple baselines. Participants' results on key outcome measures will be compared at the start of baseline, before the intervention, after the intervention and at one and two-month follow-up.
Participants will be randomised to baseline periods of 2, 4, or 6 weeks. The efficacy of the intervention for reducing post-concussion symptoms will be evaluated using a case-series design with multiple baselines,
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Control group
Active
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Outcomes
Primary outcome [1]
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Post-concussion symptoms
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Assessment method [1]
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Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire
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Timepoint [1]
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Start of baseline (T1), Baseline, End of baseline (T2), Intervention, Post-intervention (T3), 1-month follow-up (T4), and 2-month follow-up (T5).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
During baseline and intervention phases, participants will complete the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms questionnaire 3 times a week via an online survey.
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Secondary outcome [1]
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Return to activity
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Assessment method [1]
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Goal Attainment Scaling
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Timepoint [1]
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Intervention, Post-intervention (T3) and 1-month follow-up (T4)
GAS goals will be assessed multiple times within the intervention. GAS goals will be established in Session 2 of the psychological intervention. GAS goals will be reviewed weekly from Sessions 4-8 of the psychological intervention.
Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [2]
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Fatigue
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Assessment method [2]
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Brief Fatigue Inventory and the Fatigue Severity Scale will be assessed together as a composite secondary outcome.
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Timepoint [2]
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [3]
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Sleep disturbance
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Assessment method [3]
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Insomnia Severity Index
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Timepoint [3]
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [4]
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Health related quality of life
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Assessment method [4]
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36-Short form
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Timepoint [4]
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [5]
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Symptoms of depression
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Assessment method [5]
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Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21
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Timepoint [5]
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [6]
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Symptoms of anxiety
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Assessment method [6]
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Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21
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Timepoint [6]
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [7]
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Symptoms of stress
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Assessment method [7]
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Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21
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Timepoint [7]
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [8]
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Fear avoidance behaviours
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Assessment method [8]
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Fear avoidance behaviour after traumatic brain injury questionnaire (FAB-TBI)
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Timepoint [8]
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [9]
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Telehealth Usability
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Assessment method [9]
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Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ)
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Timepoint [9]
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Post-Intervention (T3)
Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [10]
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Vestibular and oculomotor functioning will be assessed together as a composite outcome
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Assessment method [10]
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Vestibular Oculomotor Motor Screening (VOMS)
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Timepoint [10]
436994
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [11]
436995
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Static Postural Stability
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Assessment method [11]
436995
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Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)
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Timepoint [11]
436995
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [12]
436996
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Cervical functioning
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Assessment method [12]
436996
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Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion Test (SPNT)
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Timepoint [12]
436996
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [13]
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Physiological Functioning
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Assessment method [13]
436997
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Montreal Virtual Exertion Test
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Timepoint [13]
436997
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Secondary outcome [14]
436998
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Cervical Impairment
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Assessment method [14]
436998
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Flexion Rotation Test
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Timepoint [14]
436998
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Start of baseline (T1), End of baseline (T2), Post-intervention (T3), and 1-month follow-up (T4).
Start of baseline is defined as one day prior to baseline. End of baseline is defined as one day post-baseline. Post intervention will be defined as one-day post-intervention completion,
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Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
Eligibility criteria: (a) aged 16 – 70 years, (b) sustained a mTBI classified using the most recent diagnostic criteria developed by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM), (c) experiencing more than three post-concussion symptoms assessed by the Rivermead Post-Concussion Questionnaire (RPQ; King et al., 1995), in line with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases definition of pPCSs, (d) experiencing post-concussion symptoms for at least two weeks post-injury, but no more than two years post-injury, and (e) reside in a Modified Monash Model classification 2-6 in Victoria, Australia.
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Minimum age
16
Years
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Maximum age
70
Years
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Sex
Both males and females
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Can healthy volunteers participate?
No
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Key exclusion criteria
Current acute psychiatric condition, active substance abuse, significant neurological history, and insufficient English.
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Study design
Purpose of the study
Treatment
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Allocation to intervention
Non-randomised trial
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Procedure for enrolling a subject and allocating the treatment (allocation concealment procedures)
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Methods used to generate the sequence in which subjects will be randomised (sequence generation)
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Masking / blinding
Open (masking not used)
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Who is / are masked / blinded?
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Intervention assignment
Other
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Other design features
This study uses a single case experimental design with multiple baselines.
Participants will be randomised into 1 of 3 baseline lengths (2, 4, or 6 weeks) using an online block randomisation method via https://www.random.org/lists/.
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Phase
Not Applicable
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Type of endpoint/s
Efficacy
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Statistical methods / analysis
Primary outcome measure. Systematic visual analysis of the RPQ will be conducted as per established guidelines in (Gast, D.L. and A.D. Spriggs, Visual analysis of graphic data, in Single case research methodology. 2014, Routledge. p. 176-210) incorporating both within- and between-phase analyses to evaluate trend, level, and stability of data. Planned comparisons between baseline and intervention phases will be conducted using the non-overlap method, Tau-U [Parker, R.I., et al., Combining nonoverlap and trend for single-case research: Tau-U. Behavior Therapy, 2011. 42(2): p. 284-299.]. Time series analyses will also be explored.
Secondary outcome measures. GAS goals will be descriptively explored [Perdices, M., How do you know whether your patient is getting better (or worse)? A user's guide. Brain Impairment, 2005. 6(3): p. 219-226.). Wilcoxon signed-rank test will be used to compare secondary outcome measures (BFI, FSS, ISI, HRQOL, FAB-TBI, DASS-21, VOMS, MOVE, SPNT, Flexion Rotation, BESS) across the four time points.
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Recruitment
Recruitment status
Not yet recruiting
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Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
2/09/2024
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Actual
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Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
2/06/2025
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Actual
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Date of last data collection
Anticipated
2/09/2025
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Actual
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Sample size
Target
12
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Accrual to date
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Final
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Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
VIC
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Funding & Sponsors
Funding source category [1]
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University
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Name [1]
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Monash Rehabilitation Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre
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Address [1]
316761
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Country [1]
316761
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Australia
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Primary sponsor type
University
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Name
Monash University
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Address
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Country
Australia
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Secondary sponsor category [1]
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None
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Name [1]
318973
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Address [1]
318973
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Country [1]
318973
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Ethics approval
Ethics application status
Approved
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Ethics committee name [1]
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Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee
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Ethics committee address [1]
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https://www.monash.edu/researchoffice/ethics
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Ethics committee country [1]
315529
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Australia
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Date submitted for ethics approval [1]
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28/03/2024
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Approval date [1]
315529
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23/04/2024
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Ethics approval number [1]
315529
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Summary
Brief summary
Concussion/mild traumatic brain injury represents a public health concern given its prevalence and potential long-term consequences, with up to 30% of people with concussion experiencing delayed recovery/persisting post-concussion symptoms (PPCSs). PPCSs can interfere with successful return to activities (e.g., school, work, sports) causing significant stress for months to years after injury. PPCSs are multifactorial and interdisciplinary treatments are recommended. Limited options for evidence-based interdisciplinary treatments exist, particularly in rural areas where concussion rates are higher. Our team of international leaders in concussion research, developed and piloted an Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation program for Concussion Recovery (i-RECOveR; ACTRN12620001111965) with positive results. Specialised interdisciplinary treatments such as i-RECOveR, however, are usually limited to urban cities and inaccessible in rural areas. Telehealth can increase access to treatments such as i-RECOveR, although the evidence for telehealth concussion interventions is unestablished. As well as increasing access to treatments such as i-RECOveR, a telehealth model may assist with accessibility issues relating to the injury itself. Our previous research identified the potential benefit of telehealth which included eliminating the need to travel to appointments, which for some individuals with debilitating PPCSs, often exacerbated their symptoms compounding anxiety and fatigue. In an Australian and possibly world first, this study will pilot an 8-week interdisciplinary intervention comprised of coordinated neuropsychology, physiotherapy and medical treatments via telehealth in 12 adults with PPCSs. Concussion symptoms will be assessed as well as treatment goal attainment. There is no comparator group. This research has the potential to establish a feasible, effective, and accessible intervention, increasing the reach of specialised concussion services to those living in rural and remote areas.
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Trial website
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Trial related presentations / publications
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Public notes
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Contacts
Principal investigator
Name
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Dr Jack Nguyen
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Address
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Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre (MERRC) Ground Floor 185-187 Hoddle Street RICHMOND VIC 3121
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Country
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Australia
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Phone
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+61 394268923
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Fax
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Email
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[email protected]
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Contact person for public queries
Name
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Jack Nguyen
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Address
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Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre (MERRC) Ground Floor 185-187 Hoddle Street RICHMOND VIC 3121
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Country
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Australia
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Phone
134979
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+61 394268923
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Fax
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Email
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[email protected]
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Contact person for scientific queries
Name
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Jack Nguyen
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Address
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Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre (MERRC) Ground Floor 185-187 Hoddle Street RICHMOND VIC 3121
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Country
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Australia
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Phone
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+61 394268923
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Fax
134980
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Email
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[email protected]
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Data sharing statement
Will individual participant data (IPD) for this trial be available (including data dictionaries)?
No
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No/undecided IPD sharing reason/comment
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What supporting documents are/will be available?
No Supporting Document Provided
Results publications and other study-related documents
Documents added manually
No documents have been uploaded by study researchers.
Documents added automatically
No additional documents have been identified.
Download to PDF