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Trial registered on ANZCTR
Registration number
ACTRN12624001004550
Ethics application status
Approved
Date submitted
25/07/2024
Date registered
19/08/2024
Date last updated
19/08/2024
Date data sharing statement initially provided
19/08/2024
Type of registration
Prospectively registered
Titles & IDs
Public title
Effects of daily apple consumption on metabolic biochemistry in high-risk adults: a randomised control trial.
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Scientific title
Effects of daily apple consumption on metabolic biochemistry in high-risk adults: a randomised control trial.
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Secondary ID [1]
312620
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None
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Universal Trial Number (UTN)
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Trial acronym
APPLE Study
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Linked study record
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Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
Cardiovascular disease
334559
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type 2 diabetes
334560
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Condition category
Condition code
Cardiovascular
331163
331163
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0
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Hypertension
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Metabolic and Endocrine
331164
331164
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0
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Diabetes
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Diet and Nutrition
331165
331165
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0
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Other diet and nutrition disorders
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Intervention/exposure
Study type
Interventional
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Description of intervention(s) / exposure
The trial assesses the impact of consuming two high-polyphenol apples on cardiometabolic disease risk factors and microbiome function. It will take place at the Harry Perkins Medical Institute (South). This randomized, crossover dietary intervention study utilizes high-risk individuals. Each participant will consume either two high-polyphenol apples or two low-polyphenol pears (as a control) daily for 8 weeks, with a minimum 4-week washout period in between. Volunteers are to adhere to their usual diet but are required to abstain from probiotics/prebiotics and any additional apples or pears intake, including whole fruits, juices, or dried fruits.
Habitual diet will be monitored using Intake24, an online validated tool for recording food intake. This self-reported monitoring will occur prior to the start of the study (baseline), and at week 4 and 8 at each intervention period. In addition, volunteers are asked to provide evidence of daily food waste using a time stamped photo.
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Intervention code [1]
329135
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Prevention
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Comparator / control treatment
Consuming two low polyphenol pears daily for 8 weeks
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Control group
Active
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Outcomes
Primary outcome [1]
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To determine the changes in total cholesterol (TC) following the consumption of two apples or pears on individual with high cardiometabolic disease risk
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Assessment method [1]
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Bruker IVDr Lipoprotein Subclass Analysis (B.I.LISA) method using peripheral blood sample
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Timepoint [1]
338930
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Before intervention and at the end of each intervention (at week 8)
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Primary outcome [2]
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To determine the changes in low density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL) following the consumption of two apples or pears on individual with high cardiometabolic disease risk
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Assessment method [2]
339086
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Bruker IVDr Lipoprotein Subclass (B.ILISA) method using peripheral blood sample
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Timepoint [2]
339086
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Before intervention and at the end of each intervention (at week 8)
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Secondary outcome [1]
437936
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To investigate changes in inflammatory markers, supramolecular phospholipid composite peaks (SPC1, 2, and 3), following the consumption of apples or pears by individuals at high risk of cardiometabolic disease.
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Assessment method [1]
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Nuclear magnetic resonance using peripheral blood sample
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Timepoint [1]
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Before intervention and at the end of each intervention (at week 8)
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Secondary outcome [2]
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To investigate changes in small molecule metabolites following the consumption of apples or pears by individuals at high risk of cardiometabolic disease. This is an exploratory outcome
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Assessment method [2]
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Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry
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Timepoint [2]
437937
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Before intervention and at the end of each intervention (at week 8)
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Secondary outcome [3]
437938
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To investigate the changes in faecal microbiome composition following the consumption of apples/pears in individuals with high cardiometabolic disease risk.
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Assessment method [3]
437938
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Ilumina 16S RNA gene sequencing
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Timepoint [3]
437938
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Before intervention and at the end of each intervention (at week 8)
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Secondary outcome [4]
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To investigate changes in glycoproteins (GlycA and B), following the consumption of apples or pears by individuals at high risk of cardiometabolic disease.
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Assessment method [4]
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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using peripheral blood sample
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Timepoint [4]
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Before intervention and at the end of each intervention (at week 8).
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Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
• Adult between 18 – 70 years.
• Body mass index is between 20 -30 kg/m2.
• High-risk of cardiometabolic disease group based on an AUSDRISK score of 9 or higher, with at least one risk factor other than age or gender
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Minimum age
18
Years
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Maximum age
70
Years
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Sex
Both males and females
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Can healthy volunteers participate?
No
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Key exclusion criteria
• Medical history of heart disease and diabetes mellitus, kidney, liver diseases, pancreatic diseases or gastrointestinal disorders.
• Currently taking medication for hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, gastrointestinal motility issues, inflammation or immunosuppressants.
• Pregnancy (current or planned), or lactation.
• History of alcohol misuse.
• Antibiotics intake <2 months ago.
• Food/vitamin supplement use (e.g. fish oil) unless willing to stop for 1 month before study commencement.
• Habitual intake of at least 1 apple or pear/day.
• On a special diet e.g. vegetarian and vegan diet or planned weight loss regimen.
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Study design
Purpose of the study
Prevention
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Allocation to intervention
Randomised controlled trial
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Procedure for enrolling a subject and allocating the treatment (allocation concealment procedures)
The investigator recruiting participants will be unable to see which group they will be allocated to until after recruitment when the randomisation will be completed.
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Methods used to generate the sequence in which subjects will be randomised (sequence generation)
Randomisation table created using computer.
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Masking / blinding
Open (masking not used)
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Who is / are masked / blinded?
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Intervention assignment
Crossover
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Other design features
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Phase
Not Applicable
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Type of endpoint/s
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Statistical methods / analysis
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Recruitment
Recruitment status
Not yet recruiting
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Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
26/08/2024
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Actual
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Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
1/08/2025
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Actual
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Date of last data collection
Anticipated
1/01/2026
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Actual
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Sample size
Target
50
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Accrual to date
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Final
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Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
WA
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Funding & Sponsors
Funding source category [1]
317051
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Other
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Name [1]
317051
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Future Food Systems
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Address [1]
317051
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Country [1]
317051
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Australia
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Primary sponsor type
University
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Name
Murdoch University
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Address
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Country
Australia
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Secondary sponsor category [1]
319300
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Government body
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Name [1]
319300
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Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD)
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Address [1]
319300
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Country [1]
319300
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Australia
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Secondary sponsor category [2]
319301
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Commercial sector/Industry
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Name [2]
319301
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Fruit West Cooperative Ltd
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Address [2]
319301
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Country [2]
319301
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Australia
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Ethics approval
Ethics application status
Approved
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Ethics committee name [1]
315804
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Murdoch University Human Research Ethics Committee
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Ethics committee address [1]
315804
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http://our.murdoch.edu.au/Research-Ethics-and-Integrity/Human-research-ethics
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Ethics committee country [1]
315804
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Australia
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Date submitted for ethics approval [1]
315804
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Approval date [1]
315804
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11/07/2024
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Ethics approval number [1]
315804
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Summary
Brief summary
This trial investigates the impact of daily consumption of two apples or two pears on cardiometabolic disease risk factors, biochemical (fingerprints) changes, and microbiome function. Adult volunteers at risk of developing cardiometabolic disease are eligible for this study. Participants will be randomly assigned to consume apples for 8 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period, and then another 8 weeks of pears, or vice versa. It is hoped that this study will support improved health outcomes from consuming apples or pears.
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Trial website
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Trial related presentations / publications
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Public notes
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Contacts
Principal investigator
Name
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A/Prof Ruey Leng Loo
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Address
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Australian National Phenome Centre/Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch WA 6150
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Country
135854
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Australia
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Phone
135854
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+61893601371
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Fax
135854
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Email
135854
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[email protected]
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Contact person for public queries
Name
135855
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Ruey Leng Loo
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Address
135855
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Australian National Phenome Centre/Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch WA 6150
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Country
135855
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Australia
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Phone
135855
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+61893601371
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Fax
135855
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Email
135855
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[email protected]
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Contact person for scientific queries
Name
135856
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Ruey Leng Loo
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Address
135856
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Australian National Phenome Centre/Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch WA 6150
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Country
135856
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Australia
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Phone
135856
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+61893601371
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Fax
135856
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Email
135856
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[email protected]
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Data sharing statement
Will individual participant data (IPD) for this trial be available (including data dictionaries)?
No
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No/undecided IPD sharing reason/comment
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What supporting documents are/will be available?
No Supporting Document Provided
Results publications and other study-related documents
Documents added manually
No documents have been uploaded by study researchers.
Documents added automatically
No additional documents have been identified.
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